Venezuela’s four big questions

While you were already soft-pedalling your 2026 resolutions, it turns out Donald Trump was approving Operation Absolute Resolve, before watching live from Mar-a-Lago as US cyber ops plunged Caracas into darkness, 150 US military aircraft circled above, and Delta Force troops nabbed Maduro and his wife as they fled to a saferoom in Tiuna base.

While the world still processes the wild reality of that single sentence, here are the four biggest questions you now need to consider, starting with...

1. Why'd Trump do this?

It's worth a quick reflection on the theories, starting (from least to most plausible) with...

• a) Drugs? That's a legal figleaf more than a reason: the drugs ravaging US communities mostly don't come from — nor even via — Venezuela, and the world leader more responsible (Juan Orlando of Honduras) just scored a US pardon.

• b) Democracy? That might be why folks have celebrated in Caracas, Miami, and beyond, but it's been a side-plot under Trump 2.0. The Maduro regime still limps on, just with VP Rodriguez at the helm (she might’ve betrayed Maduro to the US).

• c) Oil? Venezuela sits on a fifth of the world's proven reserves, and yoinked US assets nearly two decades ago. But the world is now flush with supply, energy mixes are in a longer-term transition, and this isn't a spigot DC can just turn back on — that'll take at least a decade and $100B or more in capital investments.

• d) Donroe Doctrine? Secretary of State Rubio just spelled this out: in a reversion to the region's long status quo ante, he told NBC the US will no longer tolerate rivals (whether Iran, Russia, China, or Cuba) using the Americas as a hub.

Anyway, while these each play a role, Trump's Maduro beef realistically predates them all. So ultimately, our sense is Maduro was just the region's most high-profile — and easily-ousted — example of open defiance against a US leader prone to dominance. That gels with reports Trump’s final straw might’ve been Maduro dancing defiantly on state TV.

2. Was this legal?

US officials technically detained Maduro under the drug trafficking indictment that’ll now work its way through US courts (he’s due in a Manhattan court today, Monday).

As for international law? The legal eagles in Intrigue's WhatsApp group have tackled this one (it’s free to join the chat by referring friends to Intrigue using your unique link below), but the reality is even with a dictator unlawfully clinging to power and dragging millions through misery, there's no international carve-out for the US to roll in and arrest him.

3. What does this mean for Venezuela?

There's an old Family Guy joke about American naiveté in hoping democracy suddenly 'kicks in' abroad, but after decades of Chavismo, those generals weren’t about to start taking orders from Nobel laureate Machado — ditto the ageing ex-diplomat Gonzalez who ended up winning the 2024 election on Machado’s behalf (Maduro banned her).

So Venezuela's top court has now confirmed Maduro's veep as president, and she's issued a meek statement inviting the US to work together, all while sitting under portraits of Chavez and Maduro (a bit of red meat to keep her Chavista base on side). Meanwhile, Rubio has downplayed Trump's initial suggestion the US would now run Venezuela. The wild truth is, locals now don’t seem to know who’s really in charge.

So it's still early days, but history could end up remembering less the surgical precision of this hit, and more the creeping possibility there was no clear plan for day two. Best-case scenario might be a Noriega 2.0, when Panama’s genuine democratic transition soon superseded initial condemnation of Bush's intervention. Worst-case scenario could be a Gaddafi 2.0, though Venezuela doesn’t face anywhere near the same ethno-political fractures and separatism that Gaddafi’s regime papered over in Libya.

4. And... what does this mean for the world?

Beyond Maduro, the biggest losers here are now his own purported backers abroad:

China's LatAm envoy (Qiu) had just met Maduro hours earlier, and Beijing had just reiterated its own big Latin America plan, so it's hard to think of a starker US repudiation than physically now putting Maduro in the slammer. Meanwhile, Venezuelan oil is barely ~4% of China's imports, so any supply bumps might hurt a few teapot refinery profits, but the bigger question is what happens to the billions Caracas still reportedly owes Beijing.

Putin has likewise sent arms over the years, and just hosted Maduro to sign a strategic cooperation treaty in May! But with Putin's pals in Syria and Venezuela now gone and his Iranian partner on the ropes, it all points to the continued retrenchment of Russian power.

And while on Iran, the mullahs only just hosted Maduro in 2022 and sent a sympathetic call (plus drones) last year, but have themselves otherwise been too weak to lift a finger.

Still, the most worried leader might now be Cuba's Díaz-Canel, with Rubio barely stopping short of confirming the Communist-run island is next. Cuba’s leader was already grappling with blackouts and a corruption scandal, and that was before Trump cut the cheap Venezuelan oil that’s helped keep the regime afloat (~30% of imports). And as if that weren’t enough, Cuba has now admitted the US operation against Maduro left 32 Cuban nationals dead! (a paranoid Maduro relied increasingly on Cuban bodyguards)

Anyway, whether it’s China, Russia, Iran or Cuba, this whole episode has now illustrated the limits of their own power — they didn't lift a finger because they couldn't. Contrast that to a United States that's now shocked the world with another reminder it might still be the only player capable (and willing) to hit anyone, anywhere, any time.